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GED Social Studies – Federalist No. 22
GED Social Studies · Civics & Government
Federalist No. 22 — Majority Rule & Minority Rights
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Alexander Hamilton · Federalist No. 22

A legislative rule requiring more than a majority to pass a bill gives the minority more power than the majority. The effect of this practice is the opposite of what is expected in theory. Requiring a unanimous vote or more than a majority vote is meant to provide a safeguard against oppression. But in reality it destroys the thoughtful deliberation of a respectable majority and replaces it with the whims and trickery of a small but unruly gang.

In times of national emergency, the goodness, badness, weakness, and strength of the government is supremely important. The government must in one way or another take action. If a majority resolution can be blocked by a stubborn minority, it will be necessary for the majority to conform to the minority for action to occur. The wishes of the smaller group will override the wishes of the larger group and this will create resentment. In these circumstances, expect constant scheming, trickery, and tiresome delays, resulting in disgraceful deals that violate the public good.

Supermajority Rule

A voting requirement above simple majority (50%+1), such as two-thirds or unanimous consent, needed to pass legislation.

Author's Bias

Charged, emotional language that reveals a writer's personal opinion rather than neutral description of facts.

Majority Rule

The democratic principle that decisions should be made by more than half of those voting, giving the larger group decisive power.

Minority Rights

Protections that prevent a majority from using its power to oppress or silence smaller groups within a society.

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